What term describes the surroundings of an animal that provide the needed elements for survival?

The term that describes the surroundings of an animal that provide the needed elements for survival is habitat. A habitat encompasses all the necessary components that support an organism's life, such as food, water, shelter, and mates for reproduction. It represents the specific environment where an organism lives, including both biotic elements (like other organisms) and abiotic factors (such as soil, water, and climate).

While terms like territory, biome, and ecosystem are related concepts — a territory refers to an area defended by an animal against others, a biome is a larger regional classification of similar ecosystems, and an ecosystem involves the interaction of living organisms with their physical environment — none of these capture the specific idea of a habitat as directly linked to an individual animal’s need for survival. This makes habitat the most accurate choice in this context.