What term describes the study of crops and how they are grown?

Agronomy is the term that specifically refers to the study of crops and how they are grown, which encompasses various aspects of crop production, including soil management, pest control, and the improvement of crop varieties. It focuses on the principles and practices necessary to maximize agricultural productivity and sustainability. Agronomists work with staple crops and grains, often emphasizing large-scale farming.

In contrast, horticulture pertains to the cultivation of garden plants, fruits, vegetables, and ornamental plants, focusing more on smaller-scale or specialized crop production. Botany is the broad scientific study of plants as a whole, covering all types of plants, including their structure, function, and ecology, but it does not specifically address the practical aspects of crop production. Forestry deals with the management and cultivation of forests, trees, and related ecosystems, which is a different area of study that does not focus directly on crop cultivation.