What process is used to improve soil drainage by creating holes?

The process that improves soil drainage by creating holes is aeration. Aeration involves perforating the soil with holes to allow air, water, and nutrients to penetrate deeper into the root zone of plants. This process enhances the biological activity in the soil and helps to alleviate issues related to compacted soil, such as poor drainage and reduced root growth. When the soil is aerated, it permits better airflow, which is crucial for root health and the overall vigor of plants, ultimately leading to improved plant growth and productivity.

In comparison to the other choices, composting is primarily focused on adding organic matter to the soil to improve fertility and structure. Fertilizing is about adding nutrients to the soil to promote plant growth. Watering pertains to providing moisture for plants, but it doesn't specifically address the need for improved drainage. Thus, aeration is specifically designed to enhance soil structure and drainage through the creation of holes.