What is the term used for a female bovine that has not had a calf?

A female bovine that has not yet given birth to a calf is referred to as a heifer. This term is specifically used to denote young female cattle that are still in their developmental stages and have not yet become mothers. The distinction is important in livestock terminology, as it helps in identifying the age and reproductive status of bovines, which is relevant for breeding and management practices.

The other terms provided refer to different classifications in cattle. A calf is a young bovine of either sex that is still nursing. A cow is a mature female bovine that has had at least one calf, and a steer is a male bovine that has been castrated and is typically raised for beef. Understanding these distinctions is essential for effective livestock management and breeding programs.