What is the system of growing plants in a water solution of dissolved nutrients called?

The system of growing plants in a water solution of dissolved nutrients is called hydroponics. This method allows plants to receive all the essential nutrients directly from the water, promoting faster growth and higher yields compared to traditional soil-based cultivation. Hydroponics can be particularly advantageous in areas with poor soil quality or limited space, as it enables the growth of food in vertical systems or small areas. This approach also conserves water and can be more efficient in terms of nutrient use.

In contrast, the other options represent different methods of plant cultivation. Aeroponics involves growing plants in an air or mist environment without the use of soil, which is distinct from the water-based solution of hydroponics. Horticulture broadly refers to the cultivation of garden crops, focusing on plant production in general rather than a specific system like hydroponics. Aquaponics combines hydroponics with fish farming, where fish waste provides an organic nutrient source for plants, adding another layer to the growing method. Therefore, hydroponics is specifically defined by its use of a nutrient-rich water solution, making it the correct answer.