What is a mature female chicken that is capable of laying eggs referred to as?

A mature female chicken that is capable of laying eggs is referred to as a hen. This term specifically identifies the gender and developmental stage of the bird, distinguishing it from younger chickens and males. Hens are vital in poultry production, as they are the primary source of eggs in both commercial and backyard settings.

In contrast, a cockerel is a young male chicken, typically less than one year old, that has not yet developed into an adult. A pullet is a young female chicken, usually under one year old, and is not yet considered mature enough to be labeled as a hen, although it may start to lay eggs as it approaches maturity. A gander refers to a male goose, which is unrelated to chickens. These definitions help clarify the roles and characteristics of various poultry, emphasizing why a mature female chicken that can lay eggs is specifically called a hen.