What is a mature female bovine that has borne offspring called?

A mature female bovine that has borne offspring is called a cow. This term specifically refers to females that have given birth, distinguishing them from heifers, which are females that have not yet had calves. The definition of a cow plays a crucial role in livestock management and breeding terminology, establishing clear categories within cattle.

In this context, a calf refers to a young bovine of either sex, and a bull is a mature male bovine. Both of these terms do not apply to females that have already given birth, further clarifying the specific role and biological status of a cow in cattle farming and agriculture. This terminology is essential for understanding animal husbandry practices and for effective communication within the agricultural industry.